French 18K gold quarter repeating à toc pocket watch Circa 1780

Gold cylinder pocket watch 
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A French 18K gold and enamel quarter repeating à toc pocket watch, circa 1780. The bezel is chased with a repeated guilloche pattern, the back with royal blue translucent guilloche enamel, a central varicoloured gold trophy, and an outer border to match the bezel. Gold dial with radial Roman numerals, outer minute divisions, engine-turned centre and blued steel Breguet hands. A gilt brass, full plate movement, cylinder escapement, three-arm brass balance, blued steel flat balance spring, index regulator on a silvered plate, repeating à toc activated by depressing the pendant. Movement and dial plate signed.
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Diameter: 38 mm
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Signed: Julien LeRoy  Paris
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The hands were replaced.
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Julien Le Roy is one of the clockmakers who contributed most to the progress and the reputation of French watch- and clockmaking. Born in Tours on August 6, 1686, and died in 1759 in Paris. He came to Paris in 1699. In 1713 he achieved his master’s degree and in the following years, he became a jury member of the Paris Guild of Watchmakers. Later, Le Roy became director of the Société des Arts de Genève and, in 1739, Court Watchmaker (French Horloger Ordinaire du Roi) under Louis XV, he had his private quarters in the Louvre. He improved almost all branches of clockmaking and many important inventions in the realm of time measurement are owed to him. In 1717, Julien Le Roy presented an equation clock to the Royal Academy of Sciences which showed the true time, the place of the sun and its decline. His most important discoveries concerned watch mechanisms. The adjustable ‘potence’ for the verge escape wheel considerably improved the escapement’s functioning and the steel end-piece (coqueret) which allowed oil to be retained in the balance pivots in order to diminish frictional force, was quickly adopted by other watchmakers. He was the inventor of dumb repeating watches too, in 1740, he created a new arrangement that allowed the area allotted to the repeating work to be enlarged. This invention, called ‘à bâte levée’, was also adopted by his fellow clockmakers. In 1755 he invented a small anchor escapement used as a regulator for the repeating train. He contributed to the Encyclopédie by writing several articles on clockmaking together with his son Jean-Baptiste, the Academician. Le Roy ran his workshop in the Rue de Harlay in Paris until his death. Examples of his timepieces can be found in various important museums around the world, such as the Louvre and the Victoria and Albert Museum.