French 20K gold and enamel Louis XV verge watch Circa 1750

Gold and enamel open faced verge by Julien Le Roy
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A very fine French 20 carat gold and enamel open faced Louis XV verge pocket watch, circa 1750. Gilt brass full plate movement, pentagonal baluster pillars, fusee with chain, verge escapement, micrometric potence adjustment, plain three-arm steel balance, flat balance spring, pierced and engraved continental balance cock, polished steel endplate, silver regulation dial. White enamel dial with Roman hours, outer minute track and Arabic five-minute numerals, gilt-brass Louis XV hands. The case with a chased ground, painted on enamel flowers and translucent green leaves on the front bezel, the back is decorated with a polychrome enamel scene of Venus and Cupid surrounded by flowers and translucent blue enamel foliage. Dial and movement signed.
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Diameter: 46 mm
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Signed: Julien Le Roy à Paris
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Julien Le Roy is one of the clockmakers who contributed most to the progress and the reputation of French watch- and clockmaking. Born in Tours on August 6, 1686, and died in 1759 in Paris. He came to Paris in 1699. In 1713 he achieved his master’s degree and in the following years, he became a jury member of the Paris Guild of Watchmakers. Later, Le Roy became director of the Société des Arts de Genève and, in 1739, Court Watchmaker (French Horloger Ordinaire du Roi) under Louis XV, he had his private quarters in the Louvre. He improved almost all branches of clockmaking and many important inventions in the realm of time measurement are owed to him. In 1717, Julien Le Roy presented an equation clock to the Royal Academy of Sciences which showed the true time, the place of the sun and its decline. His most important discoveries concerned watch mechanisms. The adjustable ‘potence’ for the verge escape wheel considerably improved the escapement’s functioning and the steel end-piece (coqueret) which allowed oil to be retained in the balance pivots in order to diminish frictional force, was quickly adopted by other watchmakers. He was the inventor of dumb repeating watches too, in 1740, he created a new arrangement that allowed the area allotted to the repeating work to be enlarged. This invention, called ‘à bâte levée’, was also adopted by his fellow clockmakers. In 1755 he invented a small anchor escapement used as a regulator for the repeating train. He contributed to the Encyclopédie by writing several articles on clockmaking together with his son Jean-Baptiste, the Academician. Le Roy ran his workshop in the Rue de Harlay in Paris until his death. Examples of his timepieces can be found in various important museums around the world, such as the Louvre and the Victoria and Albert Museum.